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Concise Reviews |
a Novartis Pharma Research, Transplantation and Gene Therapy, Basel, Switzerland;
b California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena, California, USA
Key Words. Neuroimmune • Arthritis • Acute phase • Autoimmune • Oncostatin M • Ciliary neurotrophic factor • Leukemia inhibitory factor • Interleukin 6
Dr. Paul H. Patterson, California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
Inflammation refers to a complex set of mechanisms by which tissues respond to injury and infection. Among the many soluble mediators associated with this process, cytokines are known to be crucial in regulating a variety of cellular and molecular events. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-11, and possibly other members of this cytokine family are key mediators in various inflammatory processes such as the acute-phase reaction, tissue damage, and infection. These cytokines can act in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ways, depending on a number of variables. We emphasize here recent work utilizing knockout mice, which has highlighted the roles of LIF and IL-6, particularly in interactions between the immune and nervous systems.
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