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Stem Cells, Vol. 19, No. 3, 180-192, May 2001
© 2001 AlphaMed Press

CONCISE REVIEW

Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells: Nature, Biology, and Potential Applications

Paolo Biancoa, Mara Riminuccib, Stan Gronthosc, Pamela Gehron Robeyc

a Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Universita' La Sapienza, Roma, Italy;
b Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy;
c Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Key Words. Marrow stromal stem cells • Microvasculature • Pericytes • Transplantation • Skeleton • Stem cells • Plasticity • Gene therapy • Somatic cell therapy

Correspondence: Paolo Bianco, M.D., Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Universita' La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy. Telephone: 39-06-444-1049; Fax: 39-06-494-0896; e-mail: p.bianco{at}flashnet.it

Bone marrow stromal cells are progenitors of skeletal tissue components such as bone, cartilage, the hematopoiesis-supporting stroma, and adipocytes. In addition, they may be experimentally induced to undergo unorthodox differentiation, possibly forming neural and myogenic cells. As such, they represent an important paradigm of post-natal nonhematopoietic stem cells, and an easy source for potential therapeutic use. Along with an overview of the basics of their biology, we discuss here their potential nature as components of the vascular wall, and the prospects for their use in local and systemic transplantation and gene therapy.




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 Cancer Res.Home page
A. Nakamizo, F. Marini, T. Amano, A. Khan, M. Studeny, J. Gumin, J. Chen, S. Hentschel, G. Vecil, J. Dembinski, et al.
Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Gliomas
Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 65(8): 3307 - 3318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
P. Terness, J.-J. Chuang, T. Bauer, L. Jiga, and G. Opelz
Regulation of human auto- and alloreactive T cells by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-producing dendritic cells: too much ado about IDO?
Blood, March 15, 2005; 105(6): 2480 - 2486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
K. J. Cho, K. A. Trzaska, S. J. Greco, J. McArdle, F. S. Wang, J.-H. Ye, and P. Rameshwar
Neurons Derived From Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Show Synaptic Transmission and Can Be Induced to Produce the Neurotransmitter Substance P by Interleukin-1{alpha}
Stem Cells, March 1, 2005; 23(3): 383 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
W. Deng, T. J. Bivalacqua, N. N. Chattergoon, J. R. Jeter Jr., and P. J. Kadowitz
Engineering Ex Vivo-Expanded Marrow Stromal Cells to Secrete Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Using Adenoviral Vector
Stem Cells, December 1, 2004; 22(7): 1279 - 1291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
S. Masson, D. J. Harrison, J. N. Plevris, and P. N. Newsome
Potential of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy in Hepatology: A Critical Review
Stem Cells, November 1, 2004; 22(6): 897 - 907.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Cell Sci.Home page
F. Anjos-Afonso, E. K. Siapati, and D. Bonnet
In vivo contribution of murine mesenchymal stem cells into multiple cell-types under minimal damage conditions
J. Cell Sci., November 1, 2004; 117(23): 5655 - 5664.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
Y. Sakaguchi, I. Sekiya, K. Yagishita, S. Ichinose, K. Shinomiya, and T. Muneta
Suspended cells from trabecular bone by collagenase digestion become virtually identical to mesenchymal stem cells obtained from marrow aspirates
Blood, November 1, 2004; 104(9): 2728 - 2735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
C. Farrington-Rock, N.J. Crofts, M.J. Doherty, B.A. Ashton, C. Griffin-Jones, and A.E. Canfield
Chondrogenic and Adipogenic Potential of Microvascular Pericytes
Circulation, October 12, 2004; 110(15): 2226 - 2232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
S. L. Etheridge, G. J. Spencer, D. J. Heath, and P. G. Genever
Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of Wnt Signaling Mechanisms in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Stem Cells, September 1, 2004; 22(5): 849 - 860.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
M. Morigi, B. Imberti, C. Zoja, D. Corna, S. Tomasoni, M. Abbate, D. Rottoli, S. Angioletti, A. Benigni, N. Perico, et al.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Renotropic, Helping to Repair the Kidney and Improve Function in Acute Renal Failure
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2004; 15(7): 1794 - 1804.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
R. Meisel, A. Zibert, M. Laryea, U. Gobel, W. Daubener, and D. Dilloo
Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation
Blood, June 15, 2004; 103(12): 4619 - 4621.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
M. Bensidhoum, A. Chapel, S. Francois, C. Demarquay, C. Mazurier, L. Fouillard, S. Bouchet, J. M. Bertho, P. Gourmelon, J. Aigueperse, et al.
Homing of in vitro expanded Stro-1- or Stro-1+ human mesenchymal stem cells into the NOD/SCID mouse and their role in supporting human CD34 cell engraftment
Blood, May 1, 2004; 103(9): 3313 - 3319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
P. A. Dreyfus, F. Chretien, B. Chazaud, Y. Kirova, P. Caramelle, L. Garcia, G. Butler-Browne, and R. K. Gherardi
Adult Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Muscle Connective Tissue and Satellite Cell Niches
Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2004; 164(3): 773 - 779.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
X.-Y. Zhang, V. F. La Russa, and J. Reiser
Transduction of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Using Lentivirus Vectors Pseudotyped with Modified RD114 Envelope Glycoproteins
J. Virol., February 1, 2004; 78(3): 1219 - 1229.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch SurgHome page
K. G. Sylvester and M. T. Longaker
Stem Cells: Review and Update
Arch Surg, January 1, 2004; 139(1): 93 - 99.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
S. O. Rzonca, L. J. Suva, D. Gaddy, D. C. Montague, and B. Lecka-Czernik
Bone Is a Target for the Antidiabetic Compound Rosiglitazone
Endocrinology, January 1, 2004; 145(1): 401 - 406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JDRHome page
S. Batouli, M. Miura, J. Brahim, T.W. Tsutsui, L.W. Fisher, S. Gronthos, P. G. Robey, and S. Shi
Comparison of Stem-cell-mediated Osteogenesis and Dentinogenesis
Journal of Dental Research, December 1, 2003; 82(12): 976 - 981.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
R. Gorlick, P. Anderson, I. Andrulis, C. Arndt, G. P. Beardsley, M. Bernstein, J. Bridge, N.-K. Cheung, J. S. Dome, D. Ebb, et al.
Biology of Childhood Osteogenic Sarcoma and Potential Targets for Therapeutic Development: Meeting Summary
Clin. Cancer Res., November 15, 2003; 9(15): 5442 - 5453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
M. Kuwana, Y. Okazaki, H. Kodama, K. Izumi, H. Yasuoka, Y. Ogawa, Y. Kawakami, and Y. Ikeda
Human circulating CD14+ monocytes as a source of progenitors that exhibit mesenchymal cell differentiation
J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 833 - 845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
W. A. Silva Jr., D. T. Covas, R. A. Panepucci, R. Proto-Siqueira, J. L.C. Siufi, D. L. Zanette, A. R.D. Santos, and M. A. Zago
The Profile of Gene Expression of Human Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Stem Cells, November 1, 2003; 21(6): 661 - 669.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
W. Deng, T. J. Bivalacqua, N. N. Chattergoon, A. L. Hyman, J. R. Jeter Jr., and P. J. Kadowitz
Adenoviral gene transfer of eNOS: high-level expression in ex vivo expanded marrow stromal cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): C1322 - C1329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
J. A. Potian, H. Aviv, N. M. Ponzio, J. S. Harrison, and P. Rameshwar
Veto-Like Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Discrimination Between Cellular Responses to Alloantigens and Recall Antigens
J. Immunol., October 1, 2003; 171(7): 3426 - 3434.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
S. Davani, A. Marandin, N. Mersin, B. Royer, B. Kantelip, P. Herve, J.-P. Etievent, and J.-P. Kantelip
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Differentiate into an Endothelial Phenotype, Enhance Vascular Density, and Improve Heart Function in a Rat Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Model
Circulation, September 9, 2003; 108(90101): II-253 - 258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
S. Sun, Z. Guo, X. Xiao, B. Liu, X. Liu, P.-H. Tang, and N. Mao
Isolation of Mouse Marrow Mesenchymal Progenitors by a Novel and Reliable Method
Stem Cells, September 1, 2003; 21(5): 527 - 535.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
R. Cancedda, G. Bianchi, A. Derubeis, and R. Quarto
Cell Therapy for Bone Disease: A Review of Current Status
Stem Cells, September 1, 2003; 21(5): 610 - 619.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NEJMHome page
N. Rosenthal
Prometheus's Vulture and the Stem-Cell Promise
N. Engl. J. Med., July 17, 2003; 349(3): 267 - 274.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
G. Collett, A. Wood, M. Y. Alexander, B. C. Varnum, R. P. Boot-Handford, V. Ohanian, J. Ohanian, Y.-W. Fridell, and A. E. Canfield
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl Modulates the Osteogenic Differentiation of Pericytes
Circ. Res., May 30, 2003; 92(10): 1123 - 1129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Cell Sci.Home page
S. Gronthos, A. C. W. Zannettino, S. J. Hay, S. Shi, S. E. Graves, A. Kortesidis, and P. J. Simmons
Molecular and cellular characterisation of highly purified stromal stem cells derived from human bone marrow
J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2003; 116(9): 1827 - 1835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
J. Chagraoui, A. Lepage-Noll, A. Anjo, G. Uzan, and P. Charbord
Fetal liver stroma consists of cells in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Blood, April 15, 2003; 101(8): 2973 - 2982.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
S. M. Devine, C. Cobbs, M. Jennings, A. Bartholomew, and R. Hoffman
Mesenchymal stem cells distribute to a wide range of tissues following systemic infusion into nonhuman primates
Blood, April 15, 2003; 101(8): 2999 - 3001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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