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Stem Cells, Vol. 19, No. 4, 279-286, July 2001
© 2001 AlphaMed Press

CONCISE REVIEW

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and the Development of Stem Cells of the Cardiovascular System

Diana L. Ramírez-Bergerona,b, M. Celeste Simona,b,c

a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
b Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
c Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Key Words. HIF-1 • Hemangioblast • Hypoxia • Hematopoietic development • Vascular development

Correspondence: M. Celeste Simon, Ph.D., Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, BRBII/III, Room 456, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Telephone: 215-746-5532; Fax: 215-746-5511; e-mail: celeste2{at}mail.med.upenn.edu

Decreased oxygen (O2) levels activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) to induce genes involved in glycolysis, glucose transport, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis. Mutations in various HIF-1 subunits have contributed to our understanding of the role hypoxia plays during early embryonic development in general and the cardiovascular system in particular. We propose that HIF-1 is important for the generation, proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation of the early cardiovascular system. Understanding aberrations in these hypoxic responses is important since they contribute to serious human disease such as ischemia and tumorigenesis. In this review we will focus on the critical role of O2 in regulating cardiovascular events during early embryonic development.




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