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Signal Transduction: Multiple Pathways, Multiple Options for Therapy

Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden

Key Words. Growth factor • Cytokine • Receptor • Kinase • Signal transduction • Antagonist

Carl-Henrik Heldin, Ph.D., Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Box 595, Biomedical Center, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46-18-160401; Fax: 46-18-160420; e-mail: C-H.Heldin{at}LICR.uu.se

Many aspects of cell behavior, such as growth, motility, differentiation, and apoptosis, are regulated by signals cells receive from their environment. Such signals are important, e.g., during embryonal development, wound healing, hematopoiesis, and in the regulation of the immune response, and may come from interactions with other cells or components of the extracellular matrix, or from binding of soluble signaling molecules to specific receptors at the cell membrane. Hereby different signaling pathways are initiated inside the cell. Perturbations of such signaling pathways are seen in several types of diseases, e.g., cancer, inflammatory conditions, and atherosclerosis. Thus, antagonists of several signaling pathways have potential clinical utility. Several such compounds are currently used or are in clinical trials; others are currently being analyzed in animal models.

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