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Interleukin 3 Improves the Ex Vivo Expansion of Primitive Human Cord Blood Progenitor Cells and Maintains the Engraftment Potential of SCID Repopulating Cells

^a Department of Hematology and Oncology, III University Medical Center Frankfurt, Germany;
^b MainGen Biotechnologie GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany;
^c ASTA Medica AG, Frankfurt, Germany

Key Words. Stem cells • Umbilical cord blood • Ex vivo expansion • NOD/SCID model • Interleukin 3

Gesine Bug, M.D., Dept. of Hematology and Oncology, III Medical Center, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Telephone: 49-69-6301-5195; Fax: 49-69-6301-6131; e-mail: g.bug{at}em.uni-frankfurt.de

In umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation, the number of nucleated cells per kilogram is a major predictive and critical factor of hematopoietic recovery. Thus, ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic UCB progenitors could potentially accelerate engraftment. Whereas Flt-3 ligand (FL), stem cell factor (SCF), and thrombopoietin (TPO) are considered indispensable, the role of interleukin 3 (IL-3) is still controversial: it has been reported either to support or abrogate the reconstituting ability of stem cells. By adding IL-3 we aimed to enhance the amplification of early and committed progenitor cells without impairing the long-term engraftment of stem cells.

Demonstrating a positive impact of IL-3 on the proliferation of all progenitor subsets, the amplification of CD34⁺ UCB cells was increased 20.9-fold ± 5.4 (mean ± standard error) in serum-free culture with FL, SCF, TPO, and IL-3 as opposed to 9.3-fold ± 3.2 without IL-3 after 7 days. If IL-3 was included, primitive long-term culture-initiating cells and committed colony-forming cells were expanded 16.3-fold ± 5.5 and 18.1-fold ± 2.4, respectively, compared to 12.6-fold ± 5.6 and 9.1-fold ± 2.0 without IL-3.

Analysis of cultured CD34⁺ UCB cells in sublethally irradiated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice confirmed that cultured cells had preserved their repopulating potential. After 6 weeks, all mice showed multilineage engraftment with their bone marrow containing an average of 45% human CD45⁺ cells of the unmanipulated sample, 43% of cells after culture in the presence of IL-3, and 27% of cells after culture without IL-3. In combination with early acting cytokines, IL-3 therefore improves the ex vivo expansion of UCB stem and progenitor cells without impairing their engraftment potential.

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