Stem Cells
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First published online August 4, 2005
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2004-0341v1
23/9/1343    most recent
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Submitted on December 2, 2004
Accepted on May 6, 2005

Original Article

Gene expression signatures of seven individual human embryonic stem cell lines

Heli Skottman 1*, Milla Mikkola 2, Karolina Lundin 2, Cia Olsson 2, Anne-Marie Strömberg 3, Timo Tuuri 2, Timo Otonkoski 2, Outi Hovatta 3, Riitta Lahesmaa 1

1 Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
2 Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
3 Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: heli.skottman{at}regea.fi.


  Abstract

Identification of molecular components that define a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) provides the basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the maintenance of pluripotency and induction of differentiation. We compared the gene expression profiles of seven genetically independent hESC lines with those of non-lineage differentiated cells derived from each line. A total of 8464 transcripts were expressed in all hESC lines. Over 45% of them have yet no known biological function, which indicates that a high number of unknown factors contribute to hESC pluripotency. Among these 8464 transcripts, 280 genes were specific for hESC and 219 genes were over two fold differentially expressed in all hESC lines when compared to non-lineage differentiated cells. They represent genes implicated in the maintenance of pluripotency and those involved in early differentiation. The chromosomal distribution of these hESC enriched genes showed over-representation in chromosome 19 and under-representation in chromosome 18. Although the overall gene expression profiles of the seven hESC lines were markedly similar, each line also had a subset of differentially expressed genes reflecting their genetic variation and possibly preferential differentiation potential. Limited overlap between gene expression profiles illustrates the importance of cross-validation of results between different ES cell lines.

Key Words. embryonic stem cells, human, differentiation, genetic variation, microarray




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