Stem Cells
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First published online October 20, 2005
Stem Cells Vol. 24 No. 3 March 2006, pp. 547 -556
doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0194; www.StemCells.com
© 2006 AlphaMed Press

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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

Cell Cycle Features of Primate Embryonic Stem Cells

Anne-Catherine Fluckigera,b, Guillaume Marcya,b, Mélanie Marchanda,b, Didier Négrec,d,e, François-Loïc Cossetc,d,e, Shoukhrat Mitalipovf, Don Wolff, Pierre Savatiera,b,g, Colette Dehaya,b,g

a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U371, Cerveau et Vision, Department of Stem Cells and Cortical Development, Bron, France;
b Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, IFR19 Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences, Bron, France;
c INSERM, U412, Lyon, France;
d Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France;
e Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, IFR128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Lyon, France;
f Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA;
g INSERM, U371, PrimaStem, Bron, France

Key Words. Rhesus embryonic stem cells • Cell cycle • Stemness

Correspondence: Pierre Savatier, Ph.D., INSERM, U371, Cerveau et Vision, Department of Stem Cells and Cortical Development, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France. Telephone: +33 4 72 91 34 42; Fax: +33 4 72 91 34 61; e-mail: savatier{at}lyon.inserm.fr

Received on April 27, 2005; accepted for publication on October 12, 2005.

Using flow cytometry measurements combined with quantitative analysis of cell cycle kinetics, we show that rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by an extremely rapid transit through the G1 phase, which accounts for 15% of the total cell cycle duration. Monkey ESCs exhibit a non-phasic expression of cyclin E, which is detected during all phases of the cell cycle, and do not growth-arrest in G1 after {gamma}-irradiation, reflecting the absence of a G1 checkpoint. Serum deprivation or pharmacological inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) did not result in any alteration in the cell cycle distribution, indicating that ESC growth does not rely on mitogenic signals transduced by the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that rhesus monkey ESCs, like their murine counterparts, exhibit unusual cell cycle features in which cell cycle control mechanisms operating during the G1 phase are reduced or absent.




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