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THE STEM CELL NICHE

Osteogenic Differentiation of Noncultured Immunoisolated Bone Marrow-Derived CD105⁺ Cells

^aSkeletal Biotechnology Laboratory, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;
^bOrthopedic Surgery Department, The Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel;
^cNanoSpine, The Future of Spine Therapies, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Key Words. Adult human mesenchymal stem cells • Positive selection • Genetic engineering • Bone regeneration

Correspondence: Zulma Gazit, Ph.D.,Skeletal Biotechnology Laboratory, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Telephone: 972-2-6757627; Fax: 972-2-6757628; email: zulma{at}md.huji.ac.il

Received November 5, 2005; accepted for publication March 13, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS   April 6, 2006.


The culture expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may alter their characteristics and is a costly and time-consuming stage. This study demonstrates for the first time that immunoisolated noncultured CD105-positive (CD105⁺) hMSCs are multipotent in vitro and exhibit the capacity to form bone in vivo. hMSCs are recognized as promising tools for bone regeneration. However, the culture stage is a limiting step in the clinical setting. To establish a simple, efficient, and fast method for applying these cells for bone formation, a distinct population of CD105⁺ hMSCs was isolated from bone marrow (BM) by using positive selection based on the expression of CD105 (endoglin). The immunoisolated CD105⁺ cell fraction represented 2.3% ± 0.45% of the mononuclear cells (MNCs). Flow cytometry analysis of freshly immunoisolated CD105⁺ cells revealed a purity of 79.7% ± 3.2%. In vitro, the CD105⁺ cell fraction displayed significantly more colony-forming units-fibroblasts (CFU-Fs; 6.3 ± 1.4) than unseparated MNCs (1.1 ± 0.3; p < .05). Culture-expanded CD105⁺ cells expressed CD105, CD44, CD29, CD90, and CD106 but not CD14, CD34, CD45, or CD31 surface antigens, and these cells were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. In addition, freshly immunoisolated CD105⁺ cells responded in vivo to recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 by differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Genetic engineering of freshly immunoisolated CD105⁺ cells was accomplished using either adenoviral or lentiviral vectors. Based on these findings, it is proposed that noncultured BM-derived CD105⁺ hMSCs are osteogenic cells that can be genetically engineered to induce tissue generation in vivo.

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