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TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

Characterization and Clinical Application of Human CD34⁺ Stem/Progenitor Cell Populations Mobilized into the Blood by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Myrtle Y. Gordon^a,b, Nataa Leviar^a, Madhava Pai^a, Philippe Bachellier^a, Ioannis Dimarakis^a, Faisal Al-Allaf^a, Hanane M’Hamdi^a, Tamara Thalji^a, Jonathan P. Welsh^a, Stephen B. Marley^a, John Davies^a, Francesco Dazzi^a, Federica Marelli-Berg^a, Paul Tait^a, Raymond Playford^a, Long Jiao^a, Steen Jensen^a, Joanna P. Nicholls^a,b, Ahmet Ayav^a, Mahrokh Nohandani^a, Farzin Farzaneh^c, Joop Gaken^c, Rikke Dodge^d, Malcolm Alison^e, Jane F. Apperley^a, Robert Lechler^c, Nagy A. Habib^a,b

^aFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom;
^bLiverCyte Limited, London, United Kingdom;
^cFaculty of Medicine, Kings, Guy's and St. Thomas's Medical School, King's College Campus, King's College, London, United Kingdom;
^dHarvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
^eThe Royal London Hospital, Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Key Words. Stem cells • Liver disease • Transplantation • Regenerative medicine

Correspondence: Nagy A. Habib, MBBCh, FRCS,Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K. Telephone: +44 20 8383 8574; Fax: +44 20 8383 3212; email: nagy.habib{at}imperial.ac.uk

Received December 16, 2005; accepted for publication March 8, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS   March 23, 2006.


A phase I study was performed to determine the safety and tolerability of injecting autologous CD34⁺ cells into five patients with liver insufficiency. The study was based on the hypothesis that the CD34⁺ cell population in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized blood contains a subpopulation of cells with the potential for regenerating damaged tissue. We separated a candidate CD34⁺ stem cell population from the majority of the CD34⁺ cells (99%) by adherence to tissue culture plastic. The adherent and nonadherent CD34⁺ cells were distinct in morphology, immunophenotype, and gene expression profile. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression analysis indicated that the adherent CD34⁺ cells had the potential to express determinants consistent with liver, pancreas, heart, muscle, and nerve cell differentiation as well as hematopoiesis. Overall, the characteristics of the adherent CD34⁺ cells identify them as a separate putative stem/progenitor cell population. In culture, they produced a population of cells exhibiting diverse morphologies and expressing genes corresponding to multiple tissue types. Encouraged by this evidence that the CD34⁺ cell population contains cells with the potential to form hepatocyte-like cells, we gave G-CSF to five patients with liver insufficiency to mobilize their stem cells for collection by leukapheresis. Between 1 x 10⁶ and 2 x 10⁸ CD34⁺ cells were injected into the portal vein (three patients) or hepatic artery (two patients). No complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Three of the five patients showed improvement in serum bilirubin and four of five in serum albumin. These observations warrant further clinical trials.

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