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OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
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TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS: CONCISE REVIEW |
Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Key Words. Stem cell • Progenitor cell • Oval cell • Liver regeneration
Correspondence: David A. Gerber, M.D., CB#7211, 4026 Burnett-Womack Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7211, USA. Telephone: 919-966-8008; Fax: 919-966-6308; e-mail: david_gerber{at}med.unc.edu
Received on February 1, 2006;
accepted for publication on April 28, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS May 4, 2006.
The field of stem cell biology has exploded with the study of a wide range of cellular populations involving endodermal, mesenchymal, and ectodermal organs. One area of extensive study has included the identification of hepatic stem and progenitor cell subpopulations. Liver stem cells provide insights into the potential pathways involving liver regeneration that are independent of mature hepatocytes. Hepatic progenitor cells are either bipotent or multipotent and capable of multiple rounds of replication. They have been identified in fetal as well as adult liver. Various injury models have been used to expand this cellular compartment. The nomenclature, origin, and function of the hepatic progenitor cell populations are areas of ongoing debate. In this review, we will discuss the different definitions and functions of hepatic progenitor cells as well as the current research efforts examining their therapeutic potential.
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