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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS: CHARACTERIZATION SERIES |
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Key Words. Embryonic stem cells • Germ cells • Meiosis • In vitro differentiation
Correspondence: Christer Höög, Ph.D., Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. Telephone: +46-8-52487365; Fax: +48-8-323672; e-mail: christer.hoog{at}ki.se
Received on October 19, 2005;
accepted for publication on April 17, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS April 27, 2006.
Several recent studies have suggested that mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into female and male germ cells in vitro. The meiotic process in germ cell-like cells derived from ESCs has not been studied in detail, but it has been reported that synaptonemal complex protein-3 (SYCP3) is expressed in these cells. Here, we have carefully evaluated the meiotic process in germ cell-like cells derived from ESCs, using a panel of meiosis-specific markers that identify distinct meiotic signatures unique to meiotic prophase I development in vivo. We find that whereas SYCP3 is expressed in germ cell-like cells, other meiotic proteins, such as SYCP1, SYCP2, STAG3 (stromal antigen 3), REC8 (meiotic protein similar to the rad21 cohesins), and SMC1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes-1)-ß, are not expressed. The nuclear distribution of SYCP3 in the germ cell-like cells is highly abnormal and not associated with the chromosomes of these cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis shows that the SYCP3-positive germ cell-like cells do not contain synapsed homologous chromosomes but instead display a chromosomal organization normally found in somatic cells. The absence of expression of essential meiotic proteins and a normal meiotic chromosomal organization strongly suggests that the germ cell-like cells formed from ESCs fail to progress through meiosis.
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