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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS: CHARACTERIZATION SERIES |
aCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France;
bInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U847, Montpellier, France;
cUniversité Montpellier, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de médecine, Montpellier, France;
dMacoPharma, Tourcoing, France;
eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
fInstitut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France;
gInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U583, Montpellier, France;
hCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Unité Biologie Clinique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-Diagnostic Pré-Implantatoire, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
Key Words. Pluripotent stem cells • Gene expression profiling • Microarray analysis
Correspondence: John De Vos, M.D., Ph.D., Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Telephone: 33-(0)4-67-33-01-91; Fax: 33-(0)4-67-33-01-13; e-mail: devos{at}montp.inserm.fr
Received on June 8, 2006;
accepted for publication on November 29, 2006.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS January 4, 2007.
Microarray technology provides a unique opportunity to examine gene expression patterns in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We performed a meta-analysis of 38 original studies reporting on the transcriptome of hESCs. We determined that 1,076 genes were found to be overexpressed in hESCs by at least three studies when compared to differentiated cell types, thus composing a "consensus hESC gene list." Only one gene was reported by all studies: the homeodomain transcription factor POU5F1/OCT3/4. The list comprised other genes critical for pluripotency such as the transcription factors NANOG and SOX2, and the growth factors TDGF1/CRIPTO and Galanin. We show that CD24 and SEMA6A, two cell surface protein-coding genes from the top of the consensus hESC gene list, display a strong and specific membrane protein expression on hESCs. Moreover, CD24 labeling permits the purification by flow cytometry of hESCs cocultured on human fibroblasts. The consensus hESC gene list also included the FZD7 WNT receptor, the G protein-coupled receptor GPR19, and the HELLS helicase, which could play an important role in hESCs biology. Conversely, we identified 783 genes downregulated in hESCs and reported in at least three studies. This "consensus differentiation gene list" included the IL6ST/GP130 LIF receptor. We created an online hESC expression atlas, http://amazonia.montp.inserm.fr, to provide an easy access to this public transcriptome dataset. Expression histograms comparing hESCs to a broad collection of fetal and adult tissues can be retrieved with this web tool for more than 15,000 genes.
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