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OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
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TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS |
aInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
bDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Key Words. Stem cell antigen-1 • Lymphocyte activation protein-6A • Stem cell • Self-renewal Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein • Lipid rafts
Correspondence: William L. Stanford, Ph.D., Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G9. Telephone: 416-946-8379; Fax: 416-978-4317; e-mail: william.stanford{at}utoronto.ca
Received on October 10, 2006;
accepted for publication on March 2, 2007.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS March 22, 2007.
Cloned 20 years ago, stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) is used extensively to enrich for murine hematopoietic stem cells. The realization that many different stem cell types share conserved biochemical pathways has led to a flood of recent research using Sca-1 as a candidate marker in the search for tissue-resident and cancer stem cells. Although surprisingly little is still known about its biochemical function, the generation and analysis of knockout mice has begun to shed light on the functions of Sca-1 in stem and progenitor cells, demonstrating that it is more than a convenient marker for stem cell biologists. This review summarizes the plethora of recent findings utilizing Sca-1 as a parenchymal stem cell marker and detailing its functional role in stem and progenitor cells and also attempts to explain the lingering mysteries surrounding its biochemical function and human ortholog.
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