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TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS

Vaccinia Virus Infection Modulates the Hematopoietic Cell Compartments in the Bone Marrow

^aDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology and the Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;
^bWalther Cancer Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Key Words. Dendritic cells • Bone marrow • Committed progenitors • Differentiation

Correspondence: Cheong-Hee Chang, Ph.D., 5641 Med Sci II, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0620, USA. Telephone: 734-647-7570; Fax: 734-764-3562; e-mail: heechang{at}umich.edu

Received June 15, 2007; accepted for publication January 25, 2008.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS   February 7, 2008.



Successful proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow (BM) is essential to generate all mature blood cell types, including those involved in the immune response. Although vaccinia virus (VV) is known to induce a strong immune response, the effect of VV infection on hematopoiesis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that in vivo VV infection results in the expansion of c-Kit^hiSca-1⁺Lin^– (KSL) hematopoietic stem cells. The in vivo expansion of the KSL population requires MyD88 that is a critical adaptor for Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling. Moreover, in BM of VV-infected mice, common myeloid progenitors (CMP) was decreased because of the rapid differentiation of CMP to more mature cells. However, the CMP compartment was not affected by VV infection in the absence of MyD88. The common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cell population was increased regardless of MyD88 status, suggesting the independent regulation of CMP and CLP compartments by VV infection. VV infection also enhanced the potential of progenitors that preferentially induce the programming of dendritic cell (DC) development toward plasmacytoid DC. Therefore, the host immune response is gearing toward antiviral responses as early as at the precursor level upon VV infection.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.