Functional Network Analysis on the Transcriptomes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Amniotic Fluid, Amniotic Membrane, Cord Blood, and Bone Marrow

¹ Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
² Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
³ Department of Life Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory (GMRCL), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
⁶ Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
⁷ Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory (GMRCL), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: knoxtn{at}cgmh.org.tw.

	Abstract

Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and functional network analyses, we examined whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from four different origins exhibited unique gene expression profiles individually, and then compared the gene expression profiles of all MSCs to those of fetal organs. Our results indicated that, within each group of MSCs from the same origin, the variability of the gene expression levels was smaller than that of between groups of different origins. Functional genomic studies revealed the specific roles of MSCs from different origins. Our results suggest that amniotic fluid MSCs may initiate interactions with the uterus by upregulating oxytocin and thrombin receptors. Amniotic membrane MSCs may play a role in maintaining homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes by regulating the networks of endothelin, neprilysin, bradykinin receptors, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Cord blood MSCs may be involved in innate immune systems as the neonatal defense system against the earliest encountered pathogens. Adult bone marrow MSCs may be the important source of not only all blood lineages but also bone formation. However, in spite of the different gene expression profiles seen in MSCs derived from different origins, a set of core gene expression profiles was preserved in these four kinds of MSCs. The core signature transcriptomes of all MSCs, when contrasted against those of fetal organs, included genes involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion, TGF- receptor signaling, and the Wnt signaling pathways.

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