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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

The Caudal-Related Protein Cdx2 Promotes Trophoblast Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

^a Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany;
^b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany;
^c Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA;
^d Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

Key Words. Embryonic stem cells • Cdx2 • Oct4 • Preimplantation development • Trophoblast

Correspondence: Alexey Tomilin, Ph.D., Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany. Telephone: +49-761-5108-498; Fax: +49-761-5108-569; e-mail: tomilin{at}immunbio.mpg.de

Besides holding great promise in clinics, embryonic stem (ES) cells represent a valuable tool for studying regulation of early developmental processes, such as cell differentiation in preimplantation embryos. The caudal-related homeobox protein Cdx2 is a transcriptional regulator essential for trophoblast lineage, functioning as early as implantation. Using an inducible system, we show that gain of Cdx2 function in ES cells triggers trophoblast-like morphological differentiation, accompanied by ploidy increase, onset of expression of trophoblast-specific markers, and loss of pluripotency-associated gene expression. These data provide an insight into the genetic network that controls lineage specification and functioning in early mammalian development.

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