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TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS |
ari
b
aInstitute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
bCenter for Physiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Key Words. Embryonic stem cells • Neural stem cells • Hematopoietic stem cells • Mesenchymal stem cells • Ubiquitin • Proteasome
Correspondence: Cord Naujokat, M.D., Ph.D., Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Telephone: +49-6221-564017; Fax: +49-6221-564200; e-mail: cord.naujokat{at}med.uni-heidelberg.de; or Tomo ari, M.D., Ph.D., Center for Physiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Telephone: +49-221-47886686; Fax: +49-221-4783834; e-mail: tomo.saric{at}uni-koeln.de
Received April 5, 2007;
accepted for publication July 10, 2007.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS July 19, 2007.
Highly ordered degradation of cell proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, a sophisticated cellular proteolytic machinery, has been identified as a key regulatory mechanism in many eukaryotic cells. Accumulating evidence reveals that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the regulation of fundamental processes in mammalian stem and progenitor cells of embryonic, neural, hematopoietic, and mesenchymal origin. Such processes, including development, survival, differentiation, lineage commitment, migration, and homing, are directly controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, either via proteolytic degradation of key regulatory proteins of signaling and gene expression pathways or via nonproteolytic mechanisms involving the proteasome itself or posttranslational modifications of target proteins by ubiquitin or other ubiquitin-like modifiers. Future characterization of the precise roles and functions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in mammalian stem and early progenitor cells will improve our understanding of stem cell biology and may provide an experimental basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
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