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STEM CELL GENETICS AND GENOMICS

Identification of Common Pathways Mediating Differentiation of Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Three Mesenchymal Lineages

^aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery,
^bNational University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program, and
^cDivision of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore;
^dStem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore;
^eHarvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Key Words. Gene expression profile • Mesenchymal stem cells • Adipose tissue • Bone marrow • FKBP5

Correspondence: Bing Lim, M.D., Ph.D., Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672. Telephone: 65-6478-8156; Fax: 65-6478-9005; e-mail: limb1{at}gis.a-star.edu.sg or Eng Hin Lee, M.D., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260. Telephone: 65-6772-4342; Fax: 65-6778-0720; e-mail: dosleeeh{at}nus.edu.sg

Received June 27, 2006; accepted for publication November 4, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS   November 9, 2006.



Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow (hBMSCs) and human adipose tissue (hAMSCs) represent a useful source of progenitor cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, it is not clear what the similarities and differences between them are. Like hBMSCs, hAMSCs can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells. Whether MSCs derived from different tissue sources represent fundamentally similar or different cell types is not clear. Given the possible different sources of MSCs for cell therapy, a comprehensive comparison of the different MSCs would be very useful. Here, we compared the transcriptome profile of hAMCS and hBMSCs during directed differentiation into bone, cartilage, and fat. Our data revealed considerable similarities between bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs). We uncovered an interesting bifurcation of pathways in both BMSCs and AMSCs, in which osteogenesis and adipogenesis appear to be linked in a differentiation branch separate from chondrogenesis. Our data suggest that although a set of common genes may be needed for early differentiation into all three lineages, a different set of signature genes is associated with maturation into fully differentiated cells. The recruitment of different late differentiation factors explains and supports our conclusion that BMSCs differentiate more efficiently into bone and cartilage, whereas AMSCs differentiate better into adipocytes. This study not only generated a rich database for continuing molecular characterization of various MSCs but also provided a rational basis for assessing qualities of MSCs from different sources for the purpose of cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.

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